Artículo

La versión final de este artículo es de uso interno de la institución.
Consulte el artículo en la página del editor
Consulte la política de Acceso Abierto del editor

Abstract:

Cationic polysaccharides are widely used in diverse areas such as water treatment, papermaking, chemical, food, cosmetic, and petroleum industries. The combination of cationic polysaccharides with anionic polymers can lead to interpolyelectrolyte complexes with hydrogel-like structures further expanding the application of the former. The aim of the present review is to fill a gap on the literature about cationization reactions of different polysaccharides and to offer a systematic and up-to-date analysis on the subject. Polysaccharides such as starch, dextran, cellulose and its derivatives, hemicellulose, pectin, chitosan, and seaweed polysaccharides among others are considered. Cationized polysaccharides can be prepared by reaction with various reagents. The main focus is on the substitution with dialkylamino hydroxypropyl and trialkylammonium hydroxypropyl ethers, being that the most common modifications involve the introduction of the 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propyl group by reaction of the polysaccharide with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride in an alkaline solution. An alternative to this method involves generation of the reagent in situ from 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride. In addition, polysaccharides substituted with other type of cationic groups and amphoteric derivatives are presented. Different methods of analysis, toxicological studies and applications of the modified polymers are also included. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Registro:

Documento: Artículo
Título:Cationization of polysaccharides: A path to greener derivatives with many industrial applications
Autor:Prado, H.J.; Matulewicz, M.C.
Filiación:PINMATE-Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
Cátedra de Tecnología Farmacéutica II, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
Departamento de Química Orgánica - CIHIDECAR-(CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
Palabras clave:2,3- Epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride; 3-Chloro-2- hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride; Cationic polysaccharides; Cellulose; Chitosan; Starch; Alkalinity; Cellulose; Chemical reactions; Chitosan; Chlorine compounds; Hydrogels; Lead compounds; Starch; Water treatment; 2,3- Epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride; 3-Chloro-2- hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride; Alkaline solutions; Anionic polymers; Cationic polysaccharide; Interpolyelectrolyte complex; Methods of analysis; Modified polymer; Polysaccharides
Año:2014
Volumen:52
Número:1
Página de inicio:53
Página de fin:75
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.12.011
Título revista:European Polymer Journal
Título revista abreviado:Eur Polym J
ISSN:00143057
CODEN:EUPJA
Registro:https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_00143057_v52_n1_p53_Prado

Referencias:

  • Krentz, D.O., Lohmann, C., Schwartz, S., Bratskaya, S., Liebert, T., Laube, J., Properties and flocculation efficiency of highly cationized starch derivatives (2006) Starch/Stärke, 58, pp. 161-169
  • Jaeger, W., Bohrisch, J., Laschewsky, A., Synthetic polymers with quaternary nitrogen atoms - Synthesis and structure of the most used type of cationic polyelectrolytes (2010) Progr Polym Sci, 35, pp. 511-577
  • Montégudet, G., Contribution À la Préparation et À l'Étude de Dérives Aminés de la Cellulose et de Certains Dérivés Azotés; Thesis. Université de Paris, 1957.
  • Montégudet, G., (1958) Peintures, Pigment, Vernis, 34 (204-213), pp. 311-319
  • Wood, J.W., Mora, P.T., Synthetic Polysaccharides. VI. Preparation of basic derivatives of polyglucose (1962) J Org Chem, 27, pp. 2115-2122
  • Wood, J., Mora, P., Preparation and biological application of highly substituted cationic derivatives of polysaccharides (1963) J Polym Sci A, 1, pp. 3511-3517
  • March, J., (1992) Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions Mechanisms and Structure, , 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons New York
  • Wilke, O., Mischnick, P., Determination of the substitution pattern of cationic starch ethers (1997) Starch/Stärke, 49, pp. 453-458
  • Noreika, R., Zdanavicius, J., Reaction of cellulose with diethylepoxypropylamine (1971) Cellulose Chem Technol, 5, pp. 117-129
  • Liesiene, J., Synthesis of water-soluble cationic cellulose derivatives with tertiary amino groups (2010) Cellulose, 17, pp. 167-172
  • McClure, J.D., Glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride and related compounds (1970) J Org Chem, 35, pp. 2059-2061
  • Levy, N., Garti, N., Magdassi, S., Flocculation of bentonite suspensions with cationic guar (1995) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, 97, pp. 91-99
  • http://www.sigmaaldrich.com, Sigma-aldrich Co. (accessed 05.03.2013); http://www.dow.com/quat/index.htm, Dow Chemical Company. (accessed 05.03.2013); (2008) European Union Risk Assessment (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium Chloride, , NPCAWH (Finland) National Product Control Agency for Welfare and Health (Finland)
  • http://www.quab.com, Quab Chemicals Inc. (accessed 05.03.2013); Haack, V., Heinze, T., Oelmeyer, G., Kulicke, W., Starch derivatives of high degree of functionalization, 8. Synthesis and flocculation behavior of cationic starch polyelectrolytes (2002) Macromol Mater Eng, 287, pp. 495-502
  • Kavaliauskaite, R., Klimaviciute, R., Zemaitaitis, A., Factors influencing production of cationic starches (2008) Carbohydr Polym, 73, pp. 665-675
  • Heinze, T., Haak, V., Rensing, S., Starch derivatives of high degree of functionalization. 7. Preparation of cationic 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride starches (2004) Starch/Stärke, 56, pp. 288-296
  • Hellwig, G., Bischoff, D., Rubo, A., Production of cationic starch ethers using an improved dry process (1992) Starch/Stärke, 44, pp. 69-74
  • Goclik, V., Stach, S., Mischnick, P., Determination of (2,3-epoxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, and (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride by capillary electrophoresis (2004) J Chromatogr A, 1038, pp. 283-289
  • Kuo, W.Y., Lai, H.M., Effects of reaction conditions on the physicochemical properties of cationic starch studied by RSM (2009) Carbohydr Polym, 75, pp. 627-635
  • Ren, J.L., Sun, R.C., Liu, C.F., Lin, L., He, B.H., Synthesis and characterization of novel cationic SCB hemicelluloses with a low degree of substitution (2007) Carbohydr Polym, 67, pp. 347-357
  • Pi-Xin, W., Xiu-Li, W., Xue, D.H., Xu, K., Tan, Y., Du, X.B., Preparation and characterization of cationic corn starch with a high degree of substitution in dioxane-THF-water media (2009) Carbohydr Res, 344, pp. 851-855
  • Sableviciene, D., Klimaviciute, R., Bendoraitiene, J., Zemaitaitis, A., Flocculation properties of high-substituted cationic starches (2005) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, 259, pp. 23-30
  • Zhang, M., Ju, B.Z., Zhang, S.F., Ma, W., Yang, J.Z., Synthesis of cationic hydrolyzed starch with high DS by dry process and use in salt-free dyeing (2007) Carbohydr Polym, 69, pp. 123-129
  • Ren, J.L., Peng, F., Sun, R.C., Liu, C.F., Cao, Z.N., Luo, W., Synthesis of cationic hemicellulosic derivatives with a low degree of substitution in dimethyl sulfoxide media (2008) J Appl Polym Sci, 109, pp. 2711-2717
  • Della Valle, G., Colonna, P., Tayeb, J., Use of a twin-screw extruder as a chemical reactor for starch cationization (1991) Starch/Stärke, 43, pp. 300-307
  • Gimmler, N., Lawn, F., Meuser, F., Influence of extrusion cooking conditions on the efficiency of the cationization and carboxymethylation of potato starch granules (1995) Starch/Stärke, 47, pp. 268-276
  • Ayoub, A., Bliard, C., Cationisation of glycerol plasticised wheat starch under microhydric molten conditions (2003) Starch/Stärke, 55, pp. 297-303
  • Ayoub, A., Berzin, F., Tighzert, L., Bliard, C., Study of the thermoplastic wheat starch cationisation reaction under molten condition (2004) Starch/Stärke, 56, pp. 513-519
  • Tara, A., Berzin, F., Tighzert, L., Vergnes, B., Preparation of cationic wheat starch by twin-screw reactive extrusion (2004) J Appl Polym Sci, 93, pp. 201-208
  • Khalil, M.I., Farag, S., Preparation of some cationic starches using the dry process (1998) Starch/Stärke, 50, pp. 267-271
  • Carr, M., Bagby, M., Preparation of cationic starch ether: A reaction efficiency study (1981) Starch/Stärke, 33, pp. 310-312
  • Kweon, M.R., Sosulski, F.W., Han, H., Effect of aqueous ethanol cationization on functional properties of normal and waxy starches (1997) Starch/Stärke, 49, pp. 202-207
  • Kweon, M.R., Sosulski, F.W., Bhirud, P.R., Cationization of waxy and normal corn and barley starches by an aqueous alcohol process (1997) Starch/Stärke, 49, pp. 59-66
  • Radosta, S., Vorwerg, W., Ebert, A., Begli, A.H., Grüic, D., Wastyn, M., Properties of low-substituted cationic starch derivatives prepared by different derivatisation processes (2004) Starch/Stärke, 56, pp. 277-287
  • Vihervaara, T., Bruun, H.H., Backman, R., Paakkanen, M., The effect of different methods of cationisation on the starch granule and its gelatinisation product (1990) Starch/Stärke, 42, pp. 64-68
  • Klimaviciute, R., Riauka, A., Zemaitaitis, A., The binding of anionic dyes by cross-linked cationic starches (2007) J Polym Res, 14, pp. 67-73
  • Butrim, S.M., Butrim, N.S., Bil'Dyukevich, T.D., Yurkshtovich, T.L., Kaputskii, F.N., Synthesis and physicochemical properties of low-substituted cationic ethers of starch (2008) Russ J Appl Chem, 81, pp. 2026-2032
  • Yook, C., Sosulski, F., Bhirud Saskatoon, P.R., Effects of cationization on functional properties of pea and corn starches (1994) Starch/Stärke, 46, pp. 393-399
  • Lim, W.J., Liang, Y.T., Seib, P.A., Cationic oat starch: Preparation and effect on paper strength (1992) Cereal Chem, 69, pp. 237-239
  • Huber, K.C., Bemiller, J.N., Location of sites of reaction within starch granules (2001) Cereal Chem, 78, pp. 173-180
  • Villwock, V.K., Bemiller, J.N., Effects of salts on the reaction of normal corn starch with propylene oxide (2005) Starch/Stärke, 57, pp. 281-290
  • Han, H., Sosulski, F., Cationization of potato and tapioca starches using an aqueous alcoholic-alkaline process (1998) Starch/Stärke, 50, pp. 487-492
  • Li, J., Vasanthan, T., Bressler, D.C., Cationization of field pea starch in salt-free aqueous suspension (2011) Carbohydr Polym, 83, pp. 1598-1603
  • Kuo, W.Y., Lai, H.M., Changes of property and morphology of cationic corn starches (2007) Carbohydr Polym, 69, pp. 544-553
  • Wang, Y., Xie, W., Synthesis of cationic starch with a high degree of substitution in an ionic liquid (2010) Carbohydr Polym, 80, pp. 1172-1177
  • Hebeish, A., Higazy, A., El-Shafei, A., Sharaf, S., Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and starch-based hybrids and their applications in flocculation and sizing (2010) Carbohydr Polym, 79, pp. 60-69
  • Bendoraitiene, J., Klimaviciute, R., Zemaitaitis, A., Preparation of high-substituted cationic starch in presence of organic bases (2012) Starch/Stärke, 64, pp. 696-703
  • Wei, Y., Cheng, F., Zheng, H., Synthesis and flocculating properties of cationic starch derivatives (2008) Carbohydr Polym, 74, pp. 673-679
  • Singh, R.P., Pal, S., Rana, V.K., Ghorai, S., Amphoteric amylopectin: A novel polymeric flocculant (2013) Carbohydr Polym, 91, pp. 294-299
  • Järnström, L., Lason, L., Rigdahl, M., Flocculation in kaolin suspensions induced by modified starches 1. Cationically modified starch - Effects of temperature and ionic strength (1995) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, 104, pp. 191-205
  • Larsson, A., Wall, S., Flocculation of cationic amylopectin starch and colloidal silicic acid. The effect of various kinds of salt (1998) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, 139, pp. 259-270
  • Larsson, A., Walldal, C., Wall, S., Flocculation of cationic polymers and nanosized particles (1999) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, 159, pp. 65-76
  • Nyström, R., Backfolk, K., Rosenholm, J.B., Nurmi, K., Flocculation of calcite dispersions induced by the adsorption of highly cationic starch (2003) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, 219, pp. 55-66
  • Nyström, R., Rosenholm, J.B., Highly cationic starch and "anionic trash" for optimal filler retention and paper strength? (2005) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, 252, pp. 135-141
  • Pal, S., Mal, D., Singh, R.P., Cationic starch: An effective flocculating agent (2005) Carbohydr Polym, 59, pp. 417-423
  • Pal, S., Mal, D., Singh, R.P., Characterization of cationic starch: An efficient flocculating agent (2008) J Appl Polym Sci, 108, pp. 2674-2681
  • Bratskaya, S., Schwartz, S., Laube, J., Liebert, T., Heinze, T., Krentz, O., Effect of polyelectrolyte structural features on flocculation behavior: Cationic polysaccharides vs synthetic polycations (2005) Macromol Mater Eng, 290, pp. 778-785
  • Bratskaya, S., Schwarz, S., Petzold, G., Liebert, T., Heinze, T., Cationic starches of high degree of functionalization: 12. Modification of cellulose fibers toward high filler technology in papermaking (2006) Ind Eng Chem Res, 45, p. 73747379
  • Chen, Y., Liu, S., Wang, G., A kinetic investigation of cationic starch adsorption and flocculation in kaolin suspension (2007) Chem Eng J, 133, pp. 325-333
  • Bratskaya, S.Y., Schwarz, S., Liebert, T., Heinze, T., Flocculation and binding properties of highly substituted cationic starches (2008) Russ J Appl Chem, 81, pp. 862-866
  • Ulbrich, M., Radosta, S., Kießler, B., Vorwerg, W., Interaction of cationic starch derivatives and cellulose fibres in the wet end and its correlation to paper strength with a statistical evaluation (2012) Starch/Stärke, 64, pp. 972-983
  • Heinze, T., Rensing, S., Koschella, A., Starch derivatives of high degree of functionalization. 13. Novel amphiphilic starch products (2007) Starch/Stärke, 59, pp. 199-207
  • Bendoraitiene, J., Sarkinas, A., Danilovas, P.P., Rutkaite, R., Klimaviciute, R., Zemaitaitis, A., Cationic starch iodophores (2013) J Appl Polym Sci, 128, pp. 4346-4354
  • Lekniute, E., Peciulyte, L., Klimaviciute, R., Bendoraitiene, J., Zemaitaitis, A., Structural characteristics and flocculation properties of amphoteric starch (2013) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, 430, pp. 95-102
  • Kato, M., Imamura, E., Sakai-Kato, K., Nakajima, T., Toyo'Oka, T., Cationic amylopectin derivatives as additives for analysis of proteins in capillary electrophoresis (2006) Electrophoresis, 27, pp. 1895-1899
  • Šimkovic, I., Laszlo, J.A., Thompson, A.R., Preparation of a weakly basic ion exchanger by crosslinking starch with epichlorohydrin in the presence of NH4OH (1996) Carbohydr Polym, 30, pp. 25-30
  • Šimkovic, I., Csomorová, K., Thermogravimetric study of starch derivatives with amine/ammonium ion-exchanging groups in oxidative environment (2002) Carbohydr Polym, 49, pp. 509-513
  • Šimkovic, I., One-step quaternization/crosslinking of starch with 3-chloro-2- hydroxypropylammonium chloride/epichlorohydrin in the presence of NH 4OH (1996) Carbohydr Polym, 31, pp. 47-51
  • Loiseau, P.M., Imbertie, L., Bories, C., Betbeder, D., De Miguel, I., Design and antileishmanial activity of amphotericin B-loaded stable ionic amphiphile biovector formulations (2002) Antimicrobiol Agents Chemother, 46, pp. 1597-1601
  • Quan, Y., Kweon, M.R., Sosulski, F.W., Effect of cross linking on functional properties of cationic corn starch (1997) Starch/Stärke, 49, pp. 458-464
  • Li, X., Xu, S., Wang, J., Chen, X., Feng, S., Structure and characterization of amphoteric semi-IPN hydrogel based on cationic starch (2009) Carbohydr Polym, 75, pp. 688-693
  • Nichifor, M., Cristea, D., Carpov, A., Sodium cholate sorption on cationic dextran hydrogel microspheres. 1. Influence of the chemical structure of functional groups (2000) Int J Biol Macromol, 28, pp. 15-21
  • Nichifor, M., Lopes, S., Bastos, M., Lopes, A., Self-aggregation of amphiphilic cationic polyelectrolytes based on polysaccharides (2004) J Phys Chem B, 108, pp. 16463-16472
  • Nichifor, M., Stanciu, M.C., Simionescu, B.C., New cationic hydrophilic and amphiphilic polysaccharides synthesized by one pot procedure (2010) Carbohydr Polym, 82, pp. 965-975
  • Gruber, E., Ott, T., Eine neue methode zur herstellung von kationischen derivaten von polysacchariden (1996) Das Papier, 4, pp. 157-162
  • Bai, G., Nichifor, M., Lopes, A., Bastos, M., Thermodynamics of self-assembling of hydrophobically modified cationic polysaccharides and their mixtures with oppositely charged surfactants in aqueous solution (2005) J Phys Chem B, 109, pp. 21681-21689
  • Bai, G., Nichifor, M., Bastos, M., Cationic polyelectrolytes as drug delivery vectors: Calorimetric and fluorescence study of rutin partitioning (2010) J Phys Chem B, 114, pp. 16236-16243
  • Nichifor, M., Zhu, X.X., Cristea, D., Carpov, A., Interaction of hydrophobically modified cationic dextran hydrogels with biological surfactants (2001) J Phys Chem B, 105, pp. 2314-2321
  • Bai, G., Santos, L.M.N.B., Nichifor, M., Lopes, A., Bastos, M., Thermodynamics of the interaction between a hydrophobically modified polyelectrolyte and sodium dodecyl sulfate in aqueous solution (2004) J Phys Chem B, 108, pp. 405-413
  • Bai, G., Nichifor, M., Lopes, A., Bastos, M., Thermodynamic characterization of the interaction behavior of a hydrophobically modified polyelectrolyte and oppositely charged surfactants in aqueous solution: Effect of surfactant alkyl chain length (2005) J Phys Chem B, 109, pp. 518-525
  • Nichifor, M., Bastos, M., Lopes, S., Lopes, A., Characterization of aggregates formed by hydrophobically modified cationic dextran and sodium alkyl sulfates in salt-free aqueous solutions (2008) J Phys Chem B, 112, pp. 15554-15561
  • Bai, G., Catita, J.A.M., Nichifor, M., Bastos, M., Microcalorimetric evidence of hydrophobic interactions between hydrophobically modified cationic polysaccharides and surfactants of the same charge (2007) J Phys Chem B, 111, pp. 11453-11462
  • Ghimici, L., Nichifor, M., Electrical conductivity of some cationic polysaccharides. I. Effects of polyelectrolyte concentration, charge density, substituent at the ionic group, and solvent polarity (2005) J Polym Sci B Polym Phys, 43, pp. 3584-3590
  • Ghimici, L., Nichifor, M., Transport properties of some cationic polysaccharides: 2. Charge density effect (2006) J Colloid Interface Sci, 302, pp. 589-596
  • Ghimici, L., Nichifor, M., Transport properties of some cationic amphiphilic polysaccharides: Effects of the side-chain length and solvent polarity (2009) J Appl Polym Sci, 111, pp. 3031-3038
  • Ghimici, L., Nichifor, M., Wolf, B., Ionic polymers based on dextran: Hydrodynamic properties in aqueous solution and solvent mixtures (2009) J Phys Chem B, 113, pp. 8020-8025
  • Nichifor, M., Stanciu, M.C., Ghimici, L., Simionescu, B.C., Hydrodynamic properties of some cationic amphiphilic polysaccharides in dilute and semi-dilute aqueous solutions (2011) Carbohydr Polym, 83, pp. 1887-1894
  • Ghimici, L., Nichifor, M., Eich, A., Wolf, B.A., Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation (2012) Carbohydr Polym, 87, pp. 405-410
  • Bercea, M., Nichifor, M., Eckelt, J., Wolf, B.A., Dextran-based polycations: Thermodynamic interaction with water as compared with unsubstituted dextran, 2 - Flory/huggins interaction parameter (2011) Macromol Chem Phys, 212, pp. 1932-1940
  • Ghimici, L., Morariu, S., Nichifor, M., Separation of clay suspension by ionic dextran derivatives (2009) Sep Purif Technol, 68, pp. 165-171
  • Ghimici, L., Nichifor, M., Flocculation by cationic amphiphilic polyelectrolyte: Relating efficiency with the association of polyelectrolyte in the initial solution (2012) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Aspects, 415, pp. 142-147
  • Ghimici, L., Nichifor, M., Novel biodegradable flocculanting agents based on cationic amphiphilic polysaccharides (2010) Bioresour Technol, 101, pp. 8549-8554
  • Thomas, J.J., Rekha, M.R., Sharma, C.P., Dextran-glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride conjugate/DNA nanoplex: A potential non-viral and haemocompatible gene delivery system (2010) Int J Pharm, 389, pp. 195-206
  • Kaminski, K., Pzonka, M., Ciejka, J., Szczubiazka, K., Nowakowska, M., Lorkowska, B., Cationic derivatives of dextran and hydroxypropylcellulose as novel potential heparin antagonists (2011) J Med Chem, 54, pp. 6586-6596
  • Ott, G., Schempp, W., Krause, T., Production of cationic cellulose of high substitution grades in the system lithium-chloride/dimethyl-acetamide (1989) Papier, 43, pp. 694-699
  • Song, Y., Sun, Y., Zhang, X., Zhou, J., Zhang, L., Homogeneous quaternization of cellulose in NaOH/urea aqueous solutions as gene Carriers (2008) Biomacromolecules, 9, pp. 2259-2264
  • Yan, L., Tao, H., Bangai, P.R., Synthesis and flocculation behavior of cationic cellulose prepared in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution (2009) Clean - Soil, Air, Water, 37, pp. 39-44
  • Rodríguez, R., Alvarez-Lorenzo, C., Concheiro, A., Cationic cellulose hydrogels: Kinetics of the cross-linking process and characterization as pH-/ion-sensitive drug delivery systems (2003) J Control Release, 86, pp. 253-265
  • Rodríguez, R., Alvarez-Lorenzo, C., Concheiro, A., Influence of cationic cellulose structure on its interactions with sodium dodecylsulfate: Implications on the properties of the aqueous dispersions and hydrogels (2003) Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 56, pp. 133-142
  • Rodríguez, R., Alvarez-Lorenzo, C., Concheiro, A., Interactions of ibuprofen with cationic polysaccharides in aqueous dispersions and hydrogels: Rheological and diffusional implications (2003) Eur J Pharm Sci, 20, pp. 429-438
  • Rodríguez, R., Alvarez-Lorenzo, C., Concheiro, A., Rheological evaluation of the interactions between cationic celluloses and carbopol 974P in water (2001) Biomacromolecules, 2, pp. 886-893
  • Liu, R.C.W., Morishima, Y., Winnik, F.M., A rheological evaluation of the interactions in water between a cationic cellulose ether and sodium poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonates) (2001) Macromolecules, 34, pp. 9117-9124
  • Fayazpour, F., Lucas, B., Alvarez-Lorenzo, C., Sanders, N.N., Demeester, J., De Smedt, S.C., Physicochemical and transfection properties of cationic hydroxyethylcellulose/DNA nanoparticles (2006) Biomacromolecules, 7, pp. 2856-2862
  • Dos Santos, S., Piculell, L., Medronho, B., Miguel, M.G., Lindman, B., Phase behavior and rheological properties of DNA-cationic polysaccharide mixtures (2012) J Colloid Interface Sci, 383, pp. 63-74
  • Takeda, Y., Shimadda, N., Kaneko, K., Shinkai, S., Sakurai, K., Ternary complex consisting of DNA, polycation, and a natural polysaccharide of schizophyllan to induce cellular uptake by antigen presenting cells (2007) Biomacromolecules, 8, pp. 1178-1186
  • Ausar, S.F., Bianco, I.D., Castagna, L.F., Alasino, R.V., Narambuera, C.F., Leiva, E.P.M., Reversible precipitation of casein micelles with a cationic hydroxyethylcellulose (2005) J Agric Food Chem, 53, pp. 9031-9038
  • Hashem, M., Refaie, R., Hebeish, A., Crosslinking of partially carboxymethylated cotton fabric via cationization (2005) J Clean Prod, 13, pp. 947-954
  • Ebringerová, A., Hormádková, Z., Kačurá cová, M., Antal, M., Quaternized xylans: Synthesis and structural characterization (1994) Carbohydr Polym, 24, pp. 301-308
  • Schwikal, K., Heinze, T., Ebringerová, A., Petzold, K., Cationic xylan derivatives with high degree of functionalization (2006) Macromol Symp, 232, pp. 49-56
  • Ren, J.L., Sun, R.C., Liu, C.F., Chao, Z.Y., Luo, W., Two-step preparation and thermal characterization of cationic 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride hemicellulose polymers from sugarcane bagasse (2006) Polym Degrad Stab, 91, pp. 2579-2587
  • Šimkovic, I., Yadav, M.P., Zalibera, M., Hicks, K.B., Chemical modification of corn fiber with ion-exchanging groups (2009) Carbohydr Polym, 76, pp. 250-254
  • Šimkovic, I., Nuñez, A., Strahan, G.D., Yadav, M.P., Mendichi, R., Hicks, K.B., Fractionation of sugar beet pulp by introducing ion-exchange groups (2009) Carbohydr Polym, 78, pp. 806-812
  • Šimkovic, I., Uhliariková, I., Yadav, M.P., Mendichi, R., Branched arabinan obtained from sugar beet pulp by quaternization under acidic conditions (2010) Carbohydr Polym, 82, pp. 815-821
  • Šimkovic, I., Gedeon, O., Uhliariková, I., Mendichi, R., Kirchnerová, S., Positively and negatively charged xylan films (2011) Carbohydr Polym, 83, pp. 769-775
  • Šimkovic, I., One-step introduction of amine and ammonium groups and cross linking of polygalacturonic acid (1997) Carbohydr Polym, 32, pp. 1-6
  • Šimkovic, I., Mendichi, R., Uhliariková, I., Modification of polygalacturonic acid hydroxyls with trimethylammonium- and/or sulfonate-2-hydroxypropyl group (2008) Carbohydr Polym, 74, pp. 611-616
  • Köhnke, T., Brelid, H., Westman, G., Adsorption of cationized barley husk xylan on kraft pulp fibres: Influence of degree of cationization on adsorption characteristics (2009) Cellulose, 16, pp. 1109-1121
  • Pulkkinen, E.J., Plains, M., Reintjes, M., Starr, L.D., (1974), Hemicellulose Reaction Products, US Patent 3.833.527, September 3; Antal, M., Ebringerová, A., Micko, M.M., Cationic hemicelluloses from aspen wood flour and their use in paper production (1991) Papier, 45, pp. 232-235
  • Antal, M., Ebringerová, A., Hromádkova, Z., Pikulik, I., Laleg, M., Micko, M.M., Structure and papermaking properties of aminoalkylxylans (1997) Papier, 51, pp. 223-226
  • Ebringerová, A., Antal, M., Šimkovic, I., Micko, M.M., New aspects in cationization of lignocellulose materials III. Influence of delignification on reactivity and extractability of TMAHP-hemicelluloses (1986) J Appl Polym Sci, 31, pp. 303-308
  • Petzold-Welcke, K., Schwikal, K., Daus, S., Heinze, T., Xylan derivatives and their application potential - Mini-review of own results (2014) Carbohydr Polym, 100, pp. 80-88
  • Šimkovic, I., Preparation of anion exchangers from beech sawdust and wheat straw (1999) Ind Crop Prod, 10, pp. 167-173
  • Chen, X., Chanhui, L., Hygroscopicity and Moisture Retentiveness of 2-Hydroxyl-3- Trimethyl(ammonio) propyl Chitosan Chloride (1996) Chin J Appl Chem, 13, pp. 94-96
  • Daly, W.H., Manuszak-Guerrini, M.A., Use of polysaccharide derivatives as anti-infectives substances (1998) Polym Mater Sci Eng, 79, pp. 220-221
  • Kim, Y.H., Choi, H.M., Yoon, J.H., Synthesis of a quaternary ammonium derivative of chitosan and its application to a cotton antimicrobial finish (1998) Text Res J, 68, pp. 428-434
  • Jia, Z., Shen, D., Xu, W., Synthesis and antibacterial activities of quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan (2001) Carbohydr Res, 333, pp. 1-6
  • Xu, Y., Du, Y., Huang, R., Gao, L., Preparation and modification of N-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride nanoparticle as a protein carrier (2003) Biomaterials, 24, pp. 5015-5022
  • Xing, R., Liu, S., Guo, Z., Yu, H., Zhong, Z., Ji, X., Relevance of molecular weight of chitosan-N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and their antioxidant activities (2008) Eur J Med Chem, 43, pp. 336-340
  • Seong, H.S., Whang, H.S., Ko, S.W., Synthesis of a quaternary ammonium derivative of chito-oligosaccharide as antimicrobial agent for cellulosic fibers (2000) J Appl Polym Sci, 76, pp. 2009-2015
  • Cho, J., Grant, J., Piquette-Miller, M., Allen, C., Synthesis and physicochemical and dynamic mechanical properties of a water-soluble chitosan derivative as a biomaterial (2006) Biomacromolecules, 7, pp. 2845-2855
  • Zahedi, P., De Souza, R., Piquette-Miller, M., Allen, C., Chitosan-phospholipid blend for sustained and localized delivery of docetaxel to the peritoneal cavity (2009) Int J Pharm, 377, pp. 76-84
  • Spinelli, V.A., Laranjeira, M.C.M., Fávere, V.T., Preparation and characterization of quaternary chitosan salt: Adsorption equilibrium of chromium(VI) ion (2004) React Funct Polym, 61, pp. 347-352
  • Wu, J., Su, Z.G., Ma, G.H., A thermo- and pH-sensitive hydrogel composed of quaternized chitosan/glycerophosphate (2006) Int J Pharm, 315, pp. 1-11
  • Wu, J., Wei, W., Wang, L.Y., Su, Z.G., Ma, G.H., A thermosensitive hydrogel based on quaternized chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol) for nasal drug delivery system (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 2220-2232
  • Wu, J., Wei, W., Wang, L.Y., Su, Z.G., Ma, G.H., Preparation of uniform-sized pH-sensitive quaternized chitosan microsphere by combining membrane emulsification technique and thermal-gelation method (2008) Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 63, pp. 164-175
  • Li, H., Du, Y., Wu, X., Zhan, H., Effect of molecular weight and degree of substitution of quaternary chitosan on its adsorption and flocculation properties for potential retention-aids in alkaline papermaking (2004) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Aspects, 242, pp. 1-8
  • Wang, X., Du, Y., Luo, J., Yang, J., Wang, W., Kennedy, J.F., A novel biopolymer/rectorite nanocomposite with antimicrobial activity (2009) Carbohydr Polym, 77, pp. 449-456
  • Lim, S.H., Hudson, S.M., Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a water-soluble chitosan derivative with a fiber-reactive group (2004) Carbohydr Res, 339, pp. 313-319
  • Alipour, S.M., Nouri, M., Mokhtari, J., Hagir Bahrami, S., Electrospinning of poly(vinyl alcohol)-water-soluble quaternized chitosan derivative blend (2009) Carbohydr Res, 344, pp. 2496-2501
  • Zhang, H., Mardyani, S., Chan, W.C.W., Kumacheva, E., Design of biocompatible chitosan microgels for targeted pH-mediated intracellular release of cancer therapeutics (2006) Biomacromolecules, 7, pp. 1568-1572
  • Nam, C.W., Kim, Y.H., Ko, S.W., Modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber by blending with N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethyl- ammonium chitosan chloride (1999) J Appl Polym Sci, 74, pp. 2258-2265
  • Ji, Q.X., Zhong, D.Y., Lü, R., Zhang, W.Q., Deng, J., Chen, X.G., In vitro evaluation of the biomedical properties of chitosan and quaternized chitosan for dental applications (2009) Carbohydr Res, 344, pp. 1297-1302
  • Loubaki, E., Ourevitch, M., Sicsic, S., Chemical modification of chitosan by glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride. Characterization of modified chitosan by 13C- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy (1991) Eur Polym J, 27, pp. 311-317
  • Gorshkov, M.Y., Volkova, I.F., Alekseeva, S.G., Molotkova, N.N., Skorikova, E.E., Izumrudov, V.A., Water-soluble modified chitosan and its interaction with a polystyrenesulfonate anion (2011) Polym Sci ser A Chem Phys, 53, pp. 57-66
  • Grant, J., Lee, H., Soo, P.L., Cho, J., Piquette-Miller, M., Allen, C., Influence of molecular organization and interactions on drug release for an injectable polymer-lipid blend (2008) Int J Pharm, 360, pp. 83-90
  • Faizloev, E., Marova, A., Nikonova, A., Volkova, I., Gorshkova, M., Izumrudov, V., Water-soluble N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride as a nucleic acids vector for cell transfection (2012) Carbohydr Polym, 89, pp. 1088-1094
  • Elwakeel, K.Z., Atia, A.A., Donia, A.M., Removal of Mo(VI) as oxoanions from aqueous solutions using chemically modified magnetic chitosan resins (2009) Hydrometallurgy, 97, pp. 21-28
  • Wan, Y., Peppley, B., Creber, K.A.M., Bui, V.T., Halliop, E., Quaternized-chitosan membranes for possible applications in alkaline fuel cells (2008) J Power Source, 185, pp. 183-187
  • Caiqin, Q., Ling, X., Yumin, D., Xiaowen, S., Jiawei, C., A new cross-linked quaternized-chitosan resin as the support of borohydride reducing agent (2002) React Funct Polym, 50, pp. 165-171
  • Hu, H., Yu, L., Tan, S., Tu, K., Wang, L.Q., Novel complex hydrogels based on N-carboxyethyl chitosan and quaternized chitosan and their controlled in vitro protein release property (2009) Carbohydr Res, 345, pp. 462-468
  • Geresh, S., Dawadii, R.P., Arad, S., Chemical modifications of biopolymers: Quaternization of the extracellular polysaccharide of the red microalga Porphyridium sp (2000) Carbohydr Polym, 43, pp. 75-80
  • Wang, C., Soice, N.P., Ramaswamy, S., Gagnon, B.A., Umana, J., Cotoni, K.A., Cored anion-exchange chromatography media for antibody flow-through purification (2007) J Chromatogr A, 1155, pp. 74-84
  • Prado, H.J., Matulewicz, M.C., Bonelli, P.R., Cukierman, A.L., Studies on the cationization of agarose (2011) Carbohydr Res, 346, pp. 311-321
  • Prado, H.J., Matulewicz, M.C., Bonelli, P.R., Cukierman, A.L., Potential use of a novel modified seaweed polysaccharide as flocculating agent (2011) Desalination, 281, pp. 100-104
  • Prado, H.J., Matulewicz, M.C., Bonelli, P.R., Cukierman, A.L., Preparation and characterization of controlled release matrices based on novel seaweed interpolyelectrolyte complexes (2012) Int J Pharm, 429, pp. 12-21
  • Yu, H., Huang, Y., Ying, H., Xiao, C., Preparation and characterization of a quaternary ammonium derivative of konjac glucomannan (2007) Carbohydr Polym, 69, pp. 29-40
  • Tian, D., Wu, X., Liu, C., Xie, H.Q., Synthesis and flocculation behavior of cationic konjac glucomannan containing quaternary ammonium substituents (2010) J Appl Polym Sci, 115, pp. 2368-2374
  • Huang, Y., Yu, H., Xiao, C., PH-sensitive cationic guar gum/poly (acrylic acid) polyelectrolyte hydrogels: Swelling and in vitro drug release (2007) Carbohydr Polym, 69, pp. 774-783
  • Lindqvist, H., Holmback, J., Rosling, A., Salminen, K., Holmbom, B., Auer, M., Galactoglucomannan derivatives and their application in papermaking (2013) Bioresources, 8, pp. 994-1010
  • Barel, A., Paye, M., Maibach, H.I., (2001) Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, , 1st ed. Marcel Dekker New York
  • Pal, S., Mal, D., Singh, R.P., Synthesis, characterization and flocculation characteristics of cationic glycogen: A novel polymeric flocculant (2006) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Aspects, 289, pp. 193-199
  • Pal, S., Sen, G., Karmakar, N.C., Mal, D., Sing, R.P., High performance flocculating agents based on cationic polysaccharides in relation to coal fine suspension (2008) Carbohydr Polym, 74, pp. 590-596
  • Pal, S., Ghosh, S., Sen, G., Jha, U., Sing, R.P., Cationic tamarind kernel polysaccharide (Cat TKP): A novel polymeric flocculant for the treatment of textile industry wastewater (2009) Int J Biol Macromol, 45, pp. 518-523
  • Šimkovic, I., Hricovíni, M., Šoltés, L., Mendichi, R., Cosentino, C., Preparation of water-soluble/insoluble derivatives of hyaluronic acid by cross-linking with epichlorohydrin in aqueous NaOH/NH4OH solution (2000) Carbohydr Polym, 41, pp. 9-14
  • Wang, J., Guo, C., Yue, T., Yuan, Y., Liu, X., Kennedy, J.F., Cationization of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in concentrated alkaline solutions as gene carriers (2012) Carbohydr Polym, 88, pp. 966-972
  • Antal, M., Ebringerová, A., Šimkovic, I., New aspects in cationization of lignocellulose materials. I. Preparation of lignocellulose materials containing quarternary ammonium groups (1984) J Appl Polym Sci, 29, pp. 637-642
  • Antal, M., Ebringerová, A., Šimkovic, I., New aspects in cationization of lignocellulose materials. II. Distribution of functional groups in lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose components (1984) J Appl Polym Sci, 29, pp. 643-650
  • Antal, M., Šimkovic, I., Ebringerová, A., Micko, M.M., () New aspects in cationization of lignocellulose materials. IV. Modification of aspen wood meal with quarternary ammonium groups (1986) J Appl Polym Sci, 31, pp. 621-625
  • Šimkovic, I., Ebringerová, A., Antal, M., Micko, M.M., New aspects in cationization of lignocellulose materials. V. Modification of rotten aspen wood meal with quarternary ammonium groups (1987) J Appl Polym Sci, 33, pp. 1955-1961
  • Šimkovic, I., Ebringerová, A., Antal, M., Micko, M.M., New aspects in cationization of lignocellulose materials. VI. Modification of steam-exploded aspen wood chips with quarternary ammonium groups (1987) J Appl Polym Sci, 34, pp. 1779-1783
  • Šimkovic, I., Mlynár, J., Alföldi, J., Antal, M., New aspects in cationization of lignocellulose materials. VII. Modification of spruce wood meal with quarternary ammonium groups (1987) J Appl Polym Sci, 33, pp. 2651-2656
  • Šimkovic, I., Alföldi, J., Antal. M. New aspects in cationization of lignocellulose materials. VIII. Modification of immitted spruce wood with quarternary ammonium groups (1987) J Appl Polym Sci, 34, pp. 2063-2068
  • Šimkovic, I., Pastýr, J., Antal, M., Balog, K., Košik, Š., Plaček, J., New aspects in cationization of lignocellulose materials. IX. Flame retardancy effect of modification with nitrogen and sulfur containing groups (1987) J Appl Polym Sci, 34, pp. 1057-1061
  • Šimkovic, I., Antal, M., Csomorová, K., Micko, M.M., New aspects in cationization of lignocellulose materials. X. Thermooxidation of TMAHP-sawdust (1987) J Appl Polym Sci, 38, pp. 1913-1917
  • Šimkovic, I., Mlynár, J., Alföldi, J., Modification of corn cob meal with quarternary ammonium groups (1992) Carbohydr Polym, 17, pp. 285-288
  • Šimkovic, I., Alföldi, J., Auxtová, O., Liš ková, D., Lerouge, P., Chemical modification and fractionation of pea stem polysaccharides (1996) Carbohydr Polym, 29, pp. 51-56
  • Orlando, U.S., Baes, A.U., Nishijima, W., Okada, M., Preparation of agricultural residue anion exchangers and its nitrate maximum adsorption capacity (2002) Chemosphere, 48, pp. 1041-1046
  • Orlando, U.S., Baes, A.U., Nishijima, W., Okada, M., A new procedure to produce lignocellulosic anion exchangers from agricultural waste materials (2002) Bioresour Technol, 83, pp. 195-198
  • Wartelle, L.H., Marshall, W.E., Quaternized agricultural by-products as anion exchange resins (2006) J Environ Manage, 78, pp. 157-162
  • Killinger, W.E., Murray, D., Hatfield, G.R., Hassler, T., Determination of the degree of cationicity in cationic starches by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy (1995) Starch/Stärke, 47, pp. 311-314
  • Salomonsson, A.C., Fransson, G.M.B., Theander, O., The cationic distribution in a cationised potato starch (1991) Starch/Stärke, 43, pp. 81-82
  • Li, G.F., Ta, N., Influence factors of physical properties and rheological property of cationic starch (2011) J Tianjin Polytech Univ, 30, pp. 46-49
  • Zhang, H., Wang, R., Wang, J.K., Study on acid hydrolysis of cationic starch (2011) Adv Mater Res, 287-290, pp. 2565-2568
  • Genest, S., Schwarz, S., Petzold-Welcke, K., Heinze, T., Voit, B., Characterization of highly substituted, cationic amphiphilic starch derivatives: Dynamic surface tension and intrinsic viscosity (2013) Starch/Stärke, 65, pp. 999-1010
  • Wang, K., Ye, L., Structure and property of cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose (2010) Polym Plast Tech Eng, 49, pp. 807-811
  • Wilke, O., Mischnick, P., Analysis of cationic starches: Determination of the substitution pattern of O-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl ethers (1995) Carbohydr Res, 275, pp. 309-318
  • Mischnick, P., Challenges in structure analysis of polysaccharide derivatives (2001) Cellulose, 8, pp. 245-257
  • Mischnick, P., Hennig, C., A new model for the substitution patterns in the polymer chain of polysaccharide derivatives (2001) Biomacromolecules, 2, pp. 180-184
  • Tüting, W., Wegemann, K., Mischnick, P., Enzymatic degradation and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry as tools for determining the structure of cationic starches prepared by wet and dry methods (2004) Carbohydr Res, 339, pp. 637-648
  • Goclik, V., Mischnick, P., Determination of the DS and substituent distribution of cationic alkyl polyglycosides and cationic starch ethers by GLC after dealkylation with morpholine (2003) Carbohydr Res, 338, pp. 733-741
  • Spurlin, H.M., Arrangement of substituents in cellulose derivatives (1939) J Am Chem Soc, 61, pp. 2222-2227
  • Radosta, S., Ulbrich, M., Vorwerg, W., Determination of the mass-specific distribution of the substituents in cationic starch derivatives (2010) Starch/Starke, 62, pp. 294-301
  • Aggarwal, P., Dollimore, D., The effect of chemical modification on starch studied using thermal analysis (1998) Thermochim Acta, 324, pp. 1-8
  • Hamunen, A., Distribution of nitrogen in the cationized potato starch granule (1995) Starch/Stärke, 47, pp. 215-219
  • Manelius, R., Buléon, A., Nurmi, K., Bertoft, E., The substitution pattern in cationised and oxidised potato starch granules (2000) Carbohydr Res, 329, pp. 621-633
  • Anonymous, Final report on the safety assessment of polyquaternium-10 (1988) Int J Toxicol, 7, pp. 335-351
  • Ito, H., Shibata, T., Miyamoto, T., Noishiki, Y., Inagaki, H., Formation of polyelectrolyte complexes between cellulose derivatives and their blood compatibility (1986) J Appl Polym Sci, 31, pp. 2491-2500
  • Ito, H., Miyamoto, T., Inagaki, H., Noishiki, Y., Iwata, H., Matsuda, T., In vivo and in vitro blood compatibility of polyelectrolyte complexes formed between cellulose derivatives (1986) J Appl Polym Sci, 32, pp. 3413-3421
  • Granö, H., Yli-Kauhaluoma, J., Suortti, T., Käki, J., Nurmi, K., Preparation of starch betainate: A novel cationic starch derivative (2000) Carbohydr Polym, 41, pp. 277-283
  • Auzély-Velty, R., Rinaudo, M., Synthesis of starch derivatives with labile cationic groups (2003) Int J Biol Macromol, 31, pp. 123-129
  • Dubief, C., Rinaudo, M., Auzely-Velty, R., (2007) Preparation of Polysaccharide Betainate Type Compounds, Compounds Obtained, Their Use and Compositions Comprising Them, , United States Patent US 7211268 B2, May 1
  • Dubief, C., Rinaudo, M., Auzely-Velty, R., (2008) Preparation of Compounds of the Kind Polysaccharide Betainates, Obtained Compounds, Their Use and the Compositions Containing Them, , European Patent EP1312616 B1, January 23
  • Montalbetti, C.A.G.N., Falque, V., Amide bond formation and peptide coupling (2005) Tetrahedron, 61, pp. 10827-10852
  • Holappa, J., Navalainen, T., Savolainen, J., Soininen, P., Elomaa, M., Safin, R., Synthesis and characterization of chitosan N-betainates having various degrees of substitution (2004) Macromolecules, 37, pp. 2784-2789
  • Holappa, J., Nevalainen, T., Soininen, P., Másson, M., Järvinen, T., Synthesis of novel quaternary chitosan derivatives via N-chloroacyl-6-O-triphenylmethylchitosans (2006) Biomacromolecules, 7, pp. 407-410
  • Gao, Y., Zhang, Z., Chen, L., Gu, W., Li, Y., Chitosan N-betainates/DNA self-assembly nanoparticles for gene delivery: In vitro uptake and transfection efficiency (2009) Int J Pharm, 371, pp. 156-162
  • Mannila, J., Järvinen, K., Holappa, J., Matilainen, L., Auriola, S., Jarho, P., Cyclodextrins and chitosan derivatives in sublingual delivery of low solubility peptides: A study using cyclosporin A, α-cyclodextrin and quaternary chitosan N-betainate (2009) Int J Pharm, 381, pp. 19-24
  • Holappa, J., Hjálmarsdóttir, M., Másson, M., Rúnarsson, Ö., Asplund, T., Soininen, P., Antimicrobial activity of chitosan N-betainates (2006) Carbohydr Polym, 65, pp. 114-118
  • Korjamo, T., Holappa, J., Taimisto, S., Savolainen, J., Järvinen, T., Mönkkönen, J., Effect of N-betainate and N-piperazine derivatives of chitosan on the paracellular transport of mannitol in Caco-2 cell (2008) Eur J Pharmaceut Sci, 35, pp. 226-234
  • Peterson, E.A., Sober, H.A., Chromatography of proteins. I. Cellulose ion-exchange adsorbents (1956) J Am Chem Soc, 78, pp. 751-755
  • McKernan, W., Ricketts, C.R., Cationic derivative of dextran, q.v., with antilipemic activity (1959) Prepn Chem Ind, 21, pp. 1490-1491
  • McKernan, W.M., Rikketts, C.R., A basic derivative of dextran and its interaction with serum albumin (1960) Biochem J, 76, pp. 117-120
  • Benerito, R.R., Woodward, B.B., Guthrie, J.D., Preparation and properties of quaternary cellulose anion exchangers (1965) Anal Chem, 37, pp. 1693-1699
  • Katsura, S., Isogai, A., Onabe, F., Usuda, M., NMR analyses of polysaccharide derivatives containing amine groups (1992) Carbohydr Polym, 18, pp. 283-288
  • San Juan, A., Hlawaty, H., Chaubet, F., Letourneur, D., Feldman, L.J., Cationized pullulan 3D matrices as new materials for gene transfer (2007) J Biomed Mater Res, 82 A, pp. 354-362
  • Souguir, Z., Roudesli, S., Picton, E.L., Le Cerf, D., About-Jaudet, E., Novel cationic and amphiphilic pullulan derivatives I: Synthesis and characterization (2007) Eur Polym J, 43, pp. 4940-4950
  • Souguir, Z., Roudesli, S., About-Jaudet, E., Picton, L., Le Cerf, D., Novel cationic and amphiphilic pullulan derivatives II: PH dependant physicochemical properties (2010) Carbohydr Polym, 80, pp. 123-129
  • Gonera, A., Goclik, V., Baum, M., Mischnick, P., Preparation and structural characterisation of O-aminopropyl starch and amylose (2002) Carbohydr Res, 337, pp. 2263-2272
  • Gonera, A., Mischnick, P., Ukeda, H., The application of O-aminopropyl amylose for the stabilization of horseradish peroxidase via addition and cross-linking (2004) Enzyme Microb Tech, 34, pp. 248-254
  • Abbott, A.P., Bell, T.J., Handa, S., Stoddart, B., Cationic functionalisation of cellulose using a choline based ionic liquid analogue (2006) Green Chem, 8, pp. 784-786
  • Kerr, R.W., Neukom, H., The reaction of starch with ethylenimine (1952) Starch/Stärke, 4, pp. 255-257
  • Kaur, G., Mahajan, M., Bassi, P., Derivatized polysaccharides: Preparation, characterization, and application as bioadhesive polymer for drug delivery (2013) Int J Polym Mater, 62, pp. 475-481
  • Wolfrom, M.L., Taha, M.I., Horton, D., Amino derivatives of starches. Amination of amylose (1963) J Org Chem, 28, pp. 3553-3554
  • Berlin, P., Klemm, D., Tiller, J., Rieseler, R., A novel soluble aminocellulose derivative type: Its transparent film-forming properties and its efficient coupling with enzyme proteins for biosensors (2000) Macromol Chem Phys, 201, pp. 2070-2082
  • Koschella, A., Heinze, T., Novel regioselectively 6-functionalized cationic cellulose polyelectrolytes prepared via cellulose sulfonates (2001) Macromol Biosci, 1, pp. 178-184
  • Berlin, P., Klemm, D., Jung, A., Liebegott, H., Rieseler, R., Tiller, J., Film-forming aminocellulose derivatives as enzyme-compatible support matrices for biosensor developments (2003) Cellulose, 10, pp. 343-367
  • Pourjavadi, A., Seidi, F., Afjeh, S.S., Nikoseresht, N., Salimi, H., Nemati, N., Synthesis of soluble N-functionalized polysaccharide derivatives using phenyl carbonate precursor and their application as catalysts (2011) Starch/Stärke, 63, pp. 780-791
  • Daly, W.H., Munir, A., Aminopropylcellulose, synthesis and derivatization (1984) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed, 22, pp. 975-984
  • Verraest, D.L., Da Silva, L.P., Peters, J.A., Van Bekkum, H., Synthesis of cyanoethyl inulin. Aminopropyl inulin and carboxyethyl inulin (1996) Starch/Stärke, 48, pp. 191-195
  • Verraest, D.L., Peters, J.A., Kuzee, H.C., Raaijmakers, H.W.C., Van Bekkum, H., Modification of inulin with amidoxime groups and coordination with copper(II) ions (1998) Carbohydr Polym, 37, pp. 209-214
  • Fiege, K., Lünsdorf, H., Atarijabarzadeh, S., Petra Mischnick, P., Cyanoethylation of the glucans dextran and pullulan: Substitution pattern and formation of nanostructures and entrapment of magnetic nanoparticles (2012) Beilstein J Org Chem, 8, pp. 551-566
  • Fiege, K., Lünsdorf, H., Mischnick, P., Aminoalkyl functionalization of dextran for coupling of bioactive molecules and nanostructure formation (2013) Carbohydr Polym, 95, pp. 569-577
  • Heeres, A., Spoelma, F.F., Van Doren, H.A., Gotlieb, K.F., Bleeker, I.P., Kellogg, R.M., Synthesis and reduction of 2-nitroalkyl polysaccharide ethers (2000) Carbohydr Polym, 42, pp. 33-43
  • Cimecioglu, A.L., Ball, D.H., Kaplan, D.L., Huang, S.H., Preparation of amylose derivatives selectively modified at C-6. 6-amino-6-deoxyamylose (1994) Macromolecules, 27, pp. 2917-2922
  • Ikeda, M., Hasegawa, T., Numata, M., Sugikawa, K., Sakurai, K., Fujiki, M., Instantaneous inclusion of a polynucleotide and hydrophobic guest molecules into a helical core of cationic β-1,3-glucan polysaccharide (2007) J Am Chem Soc, 129, pp. 3979-3988
  • Maruyama, A., Ishihara, T., Kim, J.S., Kim, S.W., Akaike, T., Nanoparticle DNA carrier with poly(l-lysine) grafted polysaccharide copolymer and poly(d, l-lactic acid) (1997) Bioconjug Chem, 8, pp. 735-742
  • Manríquez, R., López-Dellamary, F.A., Frydel, J., Emmler, T., Breitzke, H., Buntkowsky, G., Solid-state NMR studies of aminocarboxylic salt bridges in l-lysine modified cellulose (2009) J Phys Chem B, 113, pp. 934-940
  • Azzam, T., Eliyahu, H., Shapira, L., Linial, M., Barenholz, Y., Domb, A.J., Polysaccharide-oligoamine based conjugates for gene delivery (2002) J Med Chem, 45, pp. 1817-1824
  • Azzam, T., Raskin, A., Makovitzki, A., Brem, H., Vierling, P., Lineal, M., Cationic polysaccharides for gene delivery (2002) Macromolecules, 35, pp. 9947-9953
  • Kumar, N., Azzam, T., Domb, A.J., Molecular mass distribution of polycations and dextrans by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (2002) Polym Adv Technol, 13, pp. 1071-1077
  • Azzam, T., Eliyahu, H., Makovitzki, A., Domb, A.J., Dextran-spermine conjugate: An efficient vector for gene delivery (2003) Macromol Symp, 195, pp. 247-261
  • Azzam, T., Eliyahu, H., Makovitzki, A., Linial, M., Domb, A.J., Hydrophobized dextran-spermine conjugate as potential vector for in vitro gene transfection (2004) J Control Release, 96, pp. 309-323
  • Yudovin-Farber, I., Azzam, T., Metzer, E., Taraboulos, A., Domb, A.J., Cationic polysaccharides as antiprion agents (2005) J Med Chem, 48, pp. 1414-1420
  • Yudovin-Farber, I., Yanay, C., Azzam, T., Linial, M., Domb, A.J., Quaternary ammonium polysaccharides for gene delivery (2005) Bioconjug Chem, 16, pp. 1196-1203
  • Yudovin-Farber, I., Domb, A.J., Cationic polysaccharides for gene delivery (2007) Mater Sci Eng C, 27, pp. 595-598
  • Yudovin-Farber, I., Eliyahu, H.J., Domb, A.J., Synthesis of Cationic Polysaccharides and Use for in Vitro Transfection (2011) Cold Spring Harb Protoc, , (doi:10.1101/pdb.prot5553)
  • Nagasaki, T., Hojo, M., Uno, A., Satoh, T., Koumoto, K., Mizu, M., Long-term expression with a cationic polymer derived from a natural polysaccharide: Schizophyllan (2004) Bioconjug Chem, 15, pp. 249-259
  • Shin, M.S., Lee, S., Lee, K.Y., Lee, H.G., Structural and biological characterization of aminated-derivatized oat β-glucan (2005) J Agric Food Chem, 53, pp. 5554-5558
  • Šimkovic, I., Hricovíni, M., Sasinkorá, V., Preparation of ion-exchangers by cross-linking of starch or polygalacturonic acid with 1,3-bis(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)imidazolium hydrogen sulphate (2002) Carbohydr Polym, 47, pp. 131-136
  • Antal, M., Micko, M., Preparation of microcrystalline cellulose aminoderivatives (1992) Carbohydr Polym, 19, pp. 167-169
  • Antal, M., Micko, M.M., Novel cellulose derivative for the in-vitro adsorption of heparin from blood plasma (1993) Carbohydr Polym, 22, pp. 15-17
  • Ghimici, L., Constantin, M., Fundueanu, G., Novel biodegradable flocculanting agents based on pullulan (2010) J Hazard Mater, 181, pp. 351-358
  • Ghimici, L., Constantin, M., Novel thermosensitive flocculanting agent based on pullulan (2011) J Hazard Mater, 192, pp. 1009-1016
  • El-Hamshary, H., Assubaie, F.N., Synthesis of cationic and ampholytic starch graft acrylamide and their aqueous salt absorption (2011) J Macromol Sci Pure Appl Chem, 48, pp. 454-461
  • Rosól, K., Szczubialka, K., Jachimska, B., Zapotoczny, S., Nowakowska, M., Interactions of a smart cationic polyelectrolyte based on hydroxypropylcellulose with an anionic surfactant (2008) J Appl Polym Sci, 107, pp. 3184-3189
  • Wondraczek, H., Pfeifer, A., Heinze, T., Water soluble photoactive cellulose derivatives: Synthesis and characterization of mixed 2-[(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy]acetic acid-(3-carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride esters of cellulose (2012) Cellulose, 19, pp. 1327-1335
  • Ravi Kumar, M.N.V., Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Muzzarelli, C., Sashiwa, H., Domb, A.J., Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives (2004) Chem Rev, 104, pp. 6017-6084
  • Werle, M., Takeuchi, H., Bernkop-Schnürch, A., Modified chitosans for oral drug delivery (2009) J Pharm Sci, 98, pp. 1643-1656
  • Blunden, G., Patel, A.V., Armstrong, N., Romero, M.A., Meléndez, P., Betaine distribution in Angiosperms (2005) Biochem Syst Ecol, 33, pp. 904-920
  • Alvarez-Lorenzo, C., Blanco-Fernandez, B., Puga, A.M., Concheiro, A., Crosslinked ionic polysaccharides for stimuli-sensitive drug delivery (2013) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 65, pp. 1148-1171
  • Šimkovic, I., What could be greener than composites made from polysaccharides? (2008) Carbohydr Polym, 74, pp. 759-762

Citas:

---------- APA ----------
Prado, H.J. & Matulewicz, M.C. (2014) . Cationization of polysaccharides: A path to greener derivatives with many industrial applications. European Polymer Journal, 52(1), 53-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.12.011
---------- CHICAGO ----------
Prado, H.J., Matulewicz, M.C. "Cationization of polysaccharides: A path to greener derivatives with many industrial applications" . European Polymer Journal 52, no. 1 (2014) : 53-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.12.011
---------- MLA ----------
Prado, H.J., Matulewicz, M.C. "Cationization of polysaccharides: A path to greener derivatives with many industrial applications" . European Polymer Journal, vol. 52, no. 1, 2014, pp. 53-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.12.011
---------- VANCOUVER ----------
Prado, H.J., Matulewicz, M.C. Cationization of polysaccharides: A path to greener derivatives with many industrial applications. Eur Polym J. 2014;52(1):53-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.12.011